The Benchmade 491BK-02 Lowden offers a darker, more sophisticated take on the series’ distinctive design, pairing a black CPM-S90V steel blade with an elegant milled black G10 handle, accented with Burnt Copper hardware.

The flipper-style opening mechanism with AXIS® Lock on ball bearings ensures an extremely smooth and responsive action, while the spear-point profile combines modern lines, cutting precision, and excellent edge retention.

A refined, high-performance folding knife, designed for those seeking top-tier materials and a strong aesthetic presence.

Intended Use: Sports/EDC

Production Type: Industrial
Country of Manufacture: USA
Blade: CPM-S90V stainless steel
Blade Finish: Black CeraKote
Handle: CNC-machined G10
Blade Length: 70.9mm.
Blade Thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 102 mm.
Overall length: 173 mm.
Closed thickness: 12.75 mm.
Weight: 72.3 g.
Lock: AXIS Lock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel with black PVD coating
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

The new version of the Benchmade Bailout offers a modern take on one of the brand’s most popular tactical folding knives, combining extreme lightness and operational ruggedness in a minimalist yet highly functional design.

The tanto-style blade, crafted from CPM S90V steel with an FDE PVD Battlewash finish, offers excellent resistance to wear and corrosion, while maintaining a profile designed for versatile use: from the piercing capability typical of the tanto geometry to excellent efficiency in continuous cutting.

The knife opens via dual thumb studs with a bronze washer pivot, while the textured Taiga Green aluminum handle ensures a secure and controlled grip even in demanding conditions. Burnt copper accents and the lanyard loop add character and functionality to the design.

The ambidextrous AXIS-Lock closure system ensures reliability and smooth operation, making the Bailout a tactical EDC perfectly suited for both right- and left-handed users. Rounding out the package is the reversible Mini Deep Carry clip for discreet and secure carry.

A knife designed for those seeking a true balance between lightness, durability, and operational performance—without compromise.

Intended Use: Tactical / EDC

Production Type: Industrial
Country of Manufacture: USA
Blade: CPM-S90V steel, 59/61 HRC
Blade finish: FDE (Flat Dark Earth) PVD Battlewash
Handle: 6061-T6 aluminum, anodized in Taiga Green with Burnt Copper accents
Blade length: 86mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 119mm.
Overall length: 206mm.
Thickness when closed: 10.4 mm
Weight: 61.8 g.
Closure system: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, mini deep carry, Black Battlewash stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

Born from field experience, designed to handle everyday life. The 177 Mini SOCP offers peace of mind and safety in a slim, easily concealable design.

The J-hook-style sheath clip ensures a reliable hold on MOLLE systems, pocket edges, and belts. The overall length allows for greater discretion without compromising effectiveness in the most challenging situations.

Designed with a specific purpose and built to last, the Mini SOCP represents a high standard of durability and performance, backed by our promise: it will be yours, forever.

Manufacturing Type: Industrial

Country of Manufacture: USA
Blade: 440C stainless steel full tang
Blade Finish: Powder coating
Handle: 440C stainless steel
Blade Length: 56mm.
Blade Thickness: 4.45mm.
Overall Length: 158mm.
Weight: 85g.
Sheath: Polymer, with clip attachment
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: Designed by Greg Thompson - comes with paracord and removable leather finger ring holder 

Born from field experience, designed to handle everyday life. The 177 Mini SOCP offers peace of mind and safety in a slim, easily concealable design.

The J-hook-style sheath clip ensures a reliable hold on MOLLE systems, pocket edges, and belts. The overall length allows for greater discretion without compromising effectiveness in the most challenging situations.

Designed with a specific purpose and built to last, the Mini SOCP represents a high standard of durability and performance, backed by our promise: it will be yours, forever.

Manufacturing Type: Industrial

Country of Manufacture: USA
Blade: 440C stainless steel full tang
Blade Finish: Powder coating
Handle: 440C stainless steel
Blade Length: 56mm.
Blade Thickness: 4.45mm.
Overall Length: 158mm.
Weight: 85g.
Sheath: Polymer, with clip attachment
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: Designed by Greg Thompson - comes with paracord and removable leather finger ring holder 

Born from field experience, designed to handle everyday life. The 177 Mini SOCP offers peace of mind and safety in a slim, easily concealable design.

The J-hook-style sheath clip ensures a reliable hold on MOLLE systems, pocket edges, and belts. The overall length allows for greater discretion without compromising effectiveness in the most challenging situations.

Designed with a specific purpose and built to last, the Mini SOCP represents a high standard of durability and performance, backed by our promise: it will be yours, forever.

Manufacturing Type: Industrial

Country of Manufacture: USA
Blade: 440C stainless steel full tang
Blade Finish: Powder coating
Handle: 440C stainless steel
Blade Length: 56mm.
Blade Thickness: 4.45mm.
Overall Length: 158mm.
Weight: 85g.
Sheath: Polymer, with clip attachment
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: Designed by Greg Thompson - comes with paracord and removable leather finger ring holder 

The classic functionality of a pocket knife meets the most advanced precision engineering in the 315 Successor, a modern slip-joint folder with vintage charm and true gentlemanly style.

Elegant and refined, this classy EDC features an Ash Gray aluminum bolster, Crater Blue aluminum scales, and a drop-point blade in M390 steel with a satin finish, renowned for its excellent edge retention. The slip-joint mechanism with intermediate lock ensures smooth and precise opening and closing, while the minimalist nail nick gives the blade a clean and essential aesthetic.

Designed for superior everyday use, the Successor comes complete with a black leather sheath and removable pocket clip, which can be attached to either the sheath or the knife itself for maximum versatility.

Intended use: Gentleman / EDC / Sports

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: M390 stainless steel
Blade finish: Satin
Handle: Ash Gray/Crater Blue 6061-T6 Aluminum
Blade length: 65mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 94mm.
Total length: 159mm.
Closed thickness: 16mm
Weight: 54g.
Closing system: SlipJoint
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: accompanied by leather sheath with clip

The classic functionality of a pocket knife meets the most advanced precision engineering in the 315 Successor, a modern slip-joint folder with vintage charm and true gentlemanly style.

Elegant and refined, this classy EDC features an Ash Gray aluminum bolster, Burnt Brass aluminum scales, and an M390 steel drop-point blade with a DLC finish, renowned for its excellent edge retention. The slip-joint mechanism with intermediate lock ensures smooth and precise opening and closing, while the minimalist nail nick gives the blade a clean and essential aesthetic.

Designed for superior everyday use, the Successor comes complete with a black leather sheath and removable pocket clip, which can be installed either on the sheath or directly on the knife for maximum versatility.

Intended use: Gentleman / EDC / Sports

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: M390 stainless steel
Blade finish: Black Cerakote
Handle: Ash Gray/Burnt Brass 6061-T6 Aluminum with Black Oxide screws
Blade length: 65mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 94mm.
Total length: 159mm.
Closed thickness: 16mm
Weight: 54g.
Closing system: SlipJoint
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel with Black Oxide finish
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: comes with leather sheath with clip

When it comes to long-term adventures, you need a knife that is lightweight to carry and durable in any situation. Originally designed for tactical scenarios, the adventure-ready 537BK-10 Bailout takes ultralight performance to the max.

A tribute to those who love challenging hikes along roads where the asphalt ended hours ago, the 537BK-10 features an ultra-lightweight carbon fiber handle with a diamond-textured finish, paired with a durable S90V blade, crafted in the classic Bailout style. Finished with black Cerakote on the blade and refined dark copper details, the 537BK-10 Bailout is a slim pocket tool that achieves an optimal balance between strength and weight, perfect for both heavy use and daily carry.

Intended use: Tactical / EDC

Production type: Industrial
Country of manufacture: USA
Blade: CPM-S90V steel at 59/61HRC
Blade finish: Cerakote
Handle: Carbon fiber with Burnt Copper anodized hardware and accents 
Blade length: 33.5 inches.
Blade thickness: 0.9 inches.
Closed length: 119mm.
Overall length: 206mm.
Closed thickness: 10.4mm
Weight: 61.8g.
Closing system: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel with Burnt Copper finish
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

The new Bailout® 537-09 with carbon fiber handle and M390 blade represents the perfect combination of extreme lightness and outstanding tactical performance. Designed for those who accept no compromise, this folding knife takes advantage of the proven Bailout/Bugout architecture, enhanced with premium steels, ultra-lightweight components, and carefully refined details for everyday and professional use.

Every element is engineered to deliver reliability, precision, and comfort even in the most demanding situations, allowing you to face any challenge with a high-performance tool.

Intended use: Tactical EDC, military / professional use
Production type: High-end serial production
Country of origin: United States (USA)
Blade: Bohler M390 steel, made from ultra-fine powder metallurgy
Blade finish: Stonewashed
Handle: Carbon fiber scales with blue hardware details
Blade length: 3.38″ (≈ 86 mm)
Blade thickness: 0.09″ (≈ 2.3 mm)
Closed length: 4.71″ (≈ 120 mm)
Overall length: 8.07″ (≈ 205 mm)
Closed thickness: approx. 0.39″ (≈ 10 mm) (handle + closed blade)
Weight: ~ 2.18 oz (≈ 61.8 g)
Locking system: AXIS Lock (ambidextrous crossbar mechanism)
Clip: Reversible Mini Deep Carry (tip-up, right/left), blue hardware
Packaging: Original Benchmade box (with instructions and certifications)
Notes: Tanto blade profile for increased tip strength; carbon fiber handle for minimal weight.

Elegant, modern, and fast. Inspired by the symmetry and circular pommel of traditional daggers, the 491 Lowden returns to explore the world of flippers with a new compact and lively addition.

Equipped with the AXIS Lock flipper mechanism for smooth and immediate opening, the 491 features a spear point blade in M390 stainless steel with Grey Cerakote treatment, designed to maintain a precise and long-lasting edge. The lightweight, milled Phoenix Red anodized aluminum handle provides a secure grip, while the new deep-carry pocket clip and FDE accents complete the design.

The Lowden is an ultra-modern flipper, designed to combine performance and style.

Intended use: Sports/EDC

Type of production: Industrial
Country of manufacture: USA
Blade: M390 stainless steel 58/61HRC
Blade finish: Cerakote
Handle: Anodized 6061-T6 aluminum
Blade length: 70.9mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 102mm.
Overall length: 173mm.
Closed thickness: 12.75mm.
Weight: 84.7g.
Lock: AXIS Lock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel with FDE PVD coating
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

Elegant, modern, and fast. Inspired by the symmetry and circular pommel of traditional daggers, the 491 Lowden returns to explore the world of flippers with a new compact and lively addition.

Equipped with the AXIS Lock flipper mechanism for smooth and immediate opening, the 491 features a spear point blade in M390 stainless steel, designed to maintain a precise and long-lasting edge. The lightweight, milled Crater Blue anodized aluminum handle provides a secure grip, while the new deep-carry pocket clip and FDE accents complete the design.

The Lowden is an ultra-modern flipper, designed to combine performance and style.

Intended use: Sports/EDC

Type of production: Industrial
Country of manufacture: USA
Blade: M390 stainless steel 58/61HRC
Blade finish: Stonewashed
Handle: Anodized 6061-T6 aluminum
Blade length: 70.9mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 102mm.
Overall length: 173mm.
Closed thickness: 12.75mm.
Weight: 84.7g.
Closure: AXIS Lock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel with FDE PVD treatment
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

When the day demands commitment and reliability, the 203BT-03 Dacian™ is the fixed blade knife you can always count on.

Designed to tackle the challenges of everyday work and outdoor activities, it combines functionality and style thanks to its corrosion- and wear-resistant MagnaCut steel spear-point blade with a refined Blue Titanium Cerakote® finish. The brown micarta handle, shaped with side grooves, ensures superior ergonomics in every grip. The leather scout-carry sheath with Boltaron® insert offers a perfect balance between traditional aesthetics and modern safety, allowing for comfortable and accessible carry on the belt.

The Dacian™ 203BT-03 is the ideal companion for those looking for an all-purpose knife with a strong character.

Intended use: All-rounder / Light Utility

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: full tang in CPM-MagnaCut steel 60/62 HRC
Blade finish: Cerakote
Handle: Micarta
Blade length: 89.9mm.
Blade thickness: 3mm.
Total length: 192mm.
Weight: 95.5g.
Sheath: Hybrid - in fine leather, with the initial part in sturdy Bolaron
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

When work calls, it's best to act without drawing attention to yourself.

The new 203BK-02 Dacian™ in total black is the ideal tool for those looking for a reliable and discreet fixed knife to carry every day. Designed to tackle everyday challenges and outdoor activities without compromise, it combines a spear-point blade in CPM-MagnaCut with a black Cerakote® finish, a black canvas micarta handle, and black oxide hardware for total durability and essential style. The black leather sheath, with a molded Boltaron® insert, is designed for scout carry: maximum safety, immediate access, zero distractions.

The Dacian™ 203BK-02 is ready to accompany you wherever determination and practicality are needed.

Intended use: All-rounder / Light Utility

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: full tang in CPM-MagnaCut steel 60/62 HRC
Blade finish: Cerakote
Handle: Micarta
Blade length: 89.9mm.
Blade thickness: 3mm.
Total length: 192mm.
Weight: 95.5g.
Sheath: Hybrid - in fine leather, with the initial part in sturdy Bolaron
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

The Bailout family of tactical knives has long been appreciated for its combination of uncompromising strength and slim, ultra-lightweight construction, making it an extraordinary tool for both hiking and work.

The new 537BK-07 Bailout introduces CPM-MagnaCut steel, which offers greater corrosion resistance, with a DLC Battlewash finish. Together with Burnt Copper anodized aluminum handles with a diamond texture and black oxide components, this ultra-lightweight and durable knife is ready for your next adventure.

Intended use: Tactical / EDC

Type of production: Industrial
Country of manufacture: USA
Blade: CPM-MagnaCut steel
Blade finish: DLC BattleWash
Handle: Burnt Copper anodized 6061-T6 aluminum with black oxide hardware
Blade length: 86mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed length: 119 mm.
Total length: 205 mm.
Closed thickness: 10.4 mm.
Weight: 76 g.
Closing system: AxisLock.
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel with black oxide finish.
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos.
Notes: -

Now better suited than ever for EDC, the 537BK-06 Bailout® becomes part of your daily rotation without sacrificing strength and durability. 

Maintaining its heavy-duty tactical capabilities with such a piercing blade, this slim, easily stowable folding knife features ultralight Grivory® handles with highly textured grip areas in our popular ranger green color, CPM-S30V steel blade with graphite black Cerakote® finish for excellent sharpening qualities and corrosion resistance, black oxide screws, and an aluminum pommel for the lanyard, free of rottan glass for customizable carry options.

Intended Use: Tactical / EDC

Type of production: Industrial
Country of manufacture: USA
Blade: stainless steel CPM-S30V
Blade finish: Cerakote
Handle: Grivory
Blade length: 86mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Length closed: 119mm.
Total length: 206mm.
Thickness when closed: 10.4mm.
Weight: 58.2g.
Locking system: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

For everyday carry enthusiasts who prefer a multi-purpose fixed-blade knife to a folder, the 203BT-01 Dacian™ is designed to be your perfectly sized companion for general purpose, outdoor recreation or EDC.

The super-strong, corrosion-resistant MagnaCut steel blade has a spear point profile and high sharpness for maximum cutting ability with a Blue Cerakote finish. The durable Canvas Micarta handle is constructed with deep finger grooves for extreme comfort in different grip positions. The 203BT-01 Dacian™ includes a contoured sheath with a high-retention clip for easy access whether carried in a pocket or on a belt.

Intended Use: Allrounder/Light Utility

Production Type: Industrial
Country of manufacture: USA
Blade: full tang in CPM-MagnaCut 60/62 HRC steel
Blade finish: Cerakote
Handle: Micarta
Blade length: 89.9mm.
Blade thickness: 3mm.
Total length: 192mm.
Weight: 95.5g.
Sheath: Thermoplastic with Black Oxide clip
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

A solid EDC tool for the most demanding utility tasks, the new variant of the Redoubt® doubles its reputation as a relentless workhorse with a new tanto blade profile for optimal daily use.

This knife is ready to work with CPM-D2 steel with Cobalt Cerakote finish for added strength and durability and Ranger Green Grivory handle grips with Forest Green Grivory overlay.

The sturdy non-slip handle provides reliability that is felt even in the most difficult tasks. Available with a black oxide pocket clip for deep carry and a tanto straight or serrated blade.

Intended Use: Utility / Hiking / Tactical

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: CPM-D2 carbon steel 60/62HRC
Blade Finish: Cobalt Cerakote
Handle: Grivory
Blade Length: 90mm.
Blade thickness: 3.2mm.
Length closed: 120mm.
Total length: 211mm.
Handle thickness: 16mm.
Weight: 105g.
Closure: AxisLock
Clip: Deep Pocket, removable and reversible, stainless steel with Black Oxide finish
Packaging: cardboard box with Benchmade logos, microfiber pouch with Benchmade logos
Notes: high-carbon steel blade, not stainless; wash and dry carefully after use and grease in case of storage

When you find yourself facing long distances, you need a knife that can do the same. Inspired and designed for tactical situations, the Bailout® pushes the concept of lightweight to the maximum. It boasts an anodized aluminum handle with a diamond-texture and a CPM-M4 steel blade with a tanto profile, this slim pocket tool achieves an optimal balance between strength and weight, making it suitable for both heavy-duty use and daily carry. The novelty for 2023 is the eye-catching combination of the Crater Blue handle and the Flat Dark Earth blade, creating a striking contrast.

Intended Use: Tactical / EDC

Production Type: Industrial
Country of Production: USA
Blade: CPM-M4 steel (62-64 HRC)
Blade Finish: Cerakote®
Handle: Crater Blue anodized 6061-T6 aluminum
Blade Length: 86mm.
Blade Thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed Length: 119mm.
Overall Length: 205mm.
Closed Thickness: 10.4mm
Weight: 70g.
Locking Mechanism: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

When you find yourself facing challenging situations and need a knife that measures up, the Bailout® is what you need. Inspired and designed for tactical situations, this ultralight knife delivers maximum performance. It features an anodized aluminum handle with a diamond-texture and a CPM-M4 steel blade with a serrated tanto profile. This slim pocket tool offers a perfect balance between strength and weight, making it suitable for both heavy-duty and everyday use. New for 2023 is a discreet design version with a tungsten gray Cerakote blade and a black handle.

Intended Use: Tactical / EDC

Production Type: Industrial
Country of Production: USA
Blade: CPM-M4 steel (62-64 HRC)
Blade Finish: Cerakote®
Handle: Black anodized 6061-T6 aluminum
Blade Length: 86mm.
Blade Thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed Length: 119mm.
Overall Length: 205mm.
Closed Thickness: 10.4mm
Weight: 70g.
Locking Mechanism: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

When you find yourself facing challenging situations and need a knife that measures up, the Bailout® is what you need. Inspired and designed for tactical situations, this ultralight knife delivers maximum performance. It features an anodized aluminum handle with a diamond-texture and a CPM-M4 steel blade with a tanto profile. This slim pocket tool offers a perfect balance between strength and weight, making it suitable for both heavy-duty and everyday use. New for 2023 is a discreet design version with a tungsten gray Cerakote blade and a black handle.

Intended Use: Tactical / EDC

Production Type: Industrial
Country of Production: USA
Blade: CPM-M4 steel (62-64 HRC)
Blade Finish: Cerakote®
Handle: Black anodized 6061-T6 aluminum
Blade Length: 86mm.
Blade Thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed Length: 119mm.
Overall Length: 205mm.
Closed Thickness: 10.4mm
Weight: 70g.
Locking Mechanism: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: -

A perfect combination in the EDC paradise. The Bailout® holds a special place in the hearts of those who appreciate tactical toughness in their everyday carry, and now we're pairing this sleek and ultralight folding knife with the ultimate super-material: titanium.

The all-new limited edition 537BK-2302 Bailout® features the much-loved CPM-M4 tanto blade, now in cobalt black Cerakote, but the star of this show is its handle made of bead-blasted 6Al-4V titanium manufactured in the USA.

Accentuated with PVD-coated blue hardware, including a Crater Blue lanyard pommel, this edition is limited to 1000 pieces.

Intended Use: Tactical / EDC

Production Type: Industrial
Country of Origin: USA
Blade: CPM-M4 steel (62-64 HRC)
Blade Finish: Cobalt Black Cerakote
Handle: 6AI-4V Titanium
Blade Length: 86mm.
Blade Thickness: 2.3mm.
Closed Length: 119mm.
Overall Length: 205mm.
Closed Thickness: 9.7mm
Weight: 103g.
Locking Mechanism: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: Limited edition of 1000 pieces

Production type: Industrial

Country of Production: USA
Blade: Stainless steel 440C
Blade treatment: Black Traction Coating
Handle: Stainless steel 440C
Blade Length: 56mm.
Blade thickness: 4.45mm.
Total length: 158mm.
Weight: 85g.
Scabbard: polymer, with clip attachment
Packaging: cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: Design by Greg Thompson

Intended use: Training / Tactical

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: not sharpened, 440C stainless steel
Blade treatment: High visibility painting
Handle: CF-Elite (ultralight polymer, reinforced with carbon fiber)
Blade length: 113mm.
Blade thickness: 3mm.
Length closed: 143mm.
Total length: 257mm.
Weight: 116g.
Closing: AxisLock
Clip: multiposition, removable and reversible, in stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Notes: Training version of model 391 - blade not sharpened

Intended use: Tactical / EDC

Type of production: Industrial
Country of production: USA
Blade: CPM-M4 steel (62-64 HRC)
Blade finish: Gray Coated
Handle: Woodland Green anodized 6061-T6 aluminum
Blade length: 86mm.
Blade thickness: 2.3mm.
Length closed: 119mm.
Total length: 205mm.
Thick when closed: 10.4mm
Weight: 70g.
Closing system: AxisLock
Clip: Removable and reversible, in stainless steel
Packaging: Cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Note: -

 -

Intended use: Tactical / Sports
Blade: CPM-S30V 58/60 HRC stainless steel
Country of production: USA
Handle: G10 Black
Blade length: 91mm.
Blade thickness: 2.5mm.
Length closed: 122mm.
Total length: 214mm.
Weight: 116g.
Closing: AXIS® Assist flipper
Clip: removable and reversible in stainless steel
Sheath: -
Packaging: cardboard box with Benchmade logos
Note: